Why think essays

Why think essays Uniqueness is a personal quality many people strive for. It is defined in the Merriam Webster Online Dictionary as: being without a like or equal. One can acquire this quality by thinking. When one thinks they express their opinions, ideas, intentions, expectations, judgments, conceptions, or reflections about anything possible. Without thinking people would just do anything that came into their minds without weighing the positives or negatives in effect maybe even causing harm to others. It would be so much easier to brainwash a person because one knows that they are not going to have an opinion and just concur. This is what has been happening in society and it has taken over. People are not necessarily thinking for us but they are influencing our judgments. This is why it is necessary to think and express our thoughts it is not only wise for the individual but for the well being of society. Many believe that when thinking is permitted into the wrong hands or to people who dont hav e the mental capabilities to judge good from bad it will ruin society. They believe there should be an overlying heavy force controlling our thoughts to protect mankind. A philosopher by the name of Jean-Jacques Rousseau believes that the general will can only be truly effective if each citizen expresses only his own opinion (Cahn 431). Karl Marx also believes that without thinking thoroughly we would be losing ourselves. The brain is the most powerful part of our body. It controls when we eat, sleep, wake, and all other life activities. It is the boss of our body. Without the brain we would all be the same. Wed be lifeless bodies and there would be nothing that would differentiate us from the next person except for physical appearance. The largest part of the brain is the cerebrum. It makes up 85 percent of the brain and is in charge of thinking. This is the one difference between human beings and animals...

Threading Introduction in Visual Basic

Threading Introduction in Visual Basic To understand threading in VB.NET, it helps to understand some of the foundation concepts. First up is that threading is something that happens because the operating system supports it. Microsoft Windows is a pre-emptive multitasking operating system. A part of Windows called the task scheduler parcels out processor time to all the running programs. These small chunks of processor time are called time slices. Programs arent in charge of how much processor time they get, the task scheduler is. Because these time slices are so small, you get the illusion that the computer is doing several things at once. Definition of Thread A thread is a single sequential flow of control. Some qualifiers: A thread is a path of execution through that body of code.Threads share memory so they have to cooperate to produce the correct result.A thread has thread-specific data such as registers, a stack pointer, and a program counter.A process is a single body of code that can have many threads, but it has at least one and it has a single context (address space). This is assembly level stuff, but thats what you get into when you start thinking about threads. Multithreading vs. Multiprocessing Multithreading is not the same as multicore parallel processing, but multithreading and multiprocessing do work together. Most PCs today have processors that have at least two cores, and ordinary home machines sometimes have up to eight cores. Each core is a separate processor, capable of running programs by itself. You get a performance boost when the OS assigns a different process to different cores. Using multiple threads and multiple processors for even greater performance is called thread-level parallelism. A lot of what can be done depends on what the operating system and the processor hardware can do, not always what you can do in your program, and you shouldnt expect to be able to use multiple threads on everything. In fact, you might not find many problems that benefit from multiple threads. So, dont implement multithreading just because its there. You can easily reduce your programs performance if its not a good candidate for multithreading. Just as examples, video codecs may be the worst programs to multithread because the data is inherently serial. Server programs that handle web pages might be among the best because the different clients are inherently independent. Practicing Thread Safety Multithreaded code often requires complex coordination of threads. Subtle and difficult-to-find bugs are common because different threads often have to share the same data so data can be changed by one thread when another isnt expecting it. The general term for this problem is race condition. In other words, the two threads can get into a race to update the same data and the result can be different depending on which thread wins. As a trivial example, suppose youre coding a loop: For I 1 To 10 DoSomethingWithI()Next If the loop counter I unexpectedly misses the number 7 and goes from 6 to 8- but only some of the time- it would have disastrous effects on whatever the loop is doing. Preventing problems like this is called thread safety. If the program needs the result of one operation in a later operation, then it can be impossible to code parallel processes or threads to do it.   Basic Multithreading Operations Its time to push this precautionary talk to the background and write some multithreading code. This article uses a Console Application for simplicity right now. If you want to follow along, start Visual Studio with a new Console Application project. The primary namespace used by multithreading is the System.Threading namespace and the Thread class will create, start, and stop new threads. In the example below, notice that TestMultiThreading is a delegate. That is, you have to use the name of a method that the Thread method can call. Imports System.ThreadingModule Module1 Sub Main() Dim theThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf TestMultiThreading) theThread.Start(5) End Sub Public Sub TestMultiThreading(ByVal X As Long) For loopCounter As Integer 1 To 10 X X * 5 2 Console.WriteLine(X) Next Console.ReadLine() End SubEnd Module In this app, we could have executed the second Sub by simply calling it: TestMultiThreading(5) This would have executed the entire application in serial fashion. The first code example above, however, kicks off the TestMultiThreading subroutine and then continues. A Recursive Algorithm Example Heres a multithreaded application involving calculating permutations of an array using a recursive algorithm. Not all of the code is shown here. The array of characters being permuted is simply 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Heres the pertinent part of the code. Sub Main() Dim theThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf Permute) theThread.Start(5) Permute(5) Console.WriteLine(Finished Main) Console.ReadLine()End SubSub Permute(ByVal K As Long) ... Permutate(K, 1) ...End SubPrivate Sub Permutate( ... ... Console.WriteLine( pno pString) ...End Sub Notice that there are two ways to call the Permute sub (both commented out in the code above). One kicks off a thread and the other calls it directly. If you call it directly, you get: 1 123452 12354... etc119 54312120 54321Finished Main However, if you kick off a thread and Start the Permute sub instead, you get: 1 12345Finished Main2 12354... etc119 54312120 54321 This clearly shows that at least one permutation is generated, then the Main sub moves ahead and finishes, displaying Finished Main, while the rest of the permutations are being generated. Since the display comes from a second sub called by the Permute sub, you know that is part of the new thread as well. This illustrates the concept that a thread is a path of execution as mentioned earlier. Race Condition Example The first part of this article mentioned a race condition. Heres an example that shows it directly: Module Module1 Dim I As Integer 0 Public Sub Main() Dim theFirstThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf firstNewThread) theFirstThread.Start() Dim theSecondThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf secondNewThread) theSecondThread.Start() Dim theLoopingThread _ As New Threading.Thread( AddressOf LoopingThread) theLoopingThread.Start() End Sub Sub firstNewThread() Debug.Print( firstNewThread just started!) I I 2 End Sub Sub secondNewThread() Debug.Print( secondNewThread just started!) I I 3 End Sub Sub LoopingThread() Debug.Print( LoopingThread started!) For I 1 To 10 Debug.Print( Current Value of I: I.ToString) Next End SubEnd Module The Immediate window showed this result in one trial. Other trials were different. Thats the essence of a race condition. LoopingThread started!Current Value of I: 1secondNewThread just started!Current Value of I: 2firstNewThread just started!Current Value of I: 6Current Value of I: 9Current Value of I: 10

The People vs. the Profiteers by David Rose Essay

The People vs. the Profiteers by David Rose - Essay Example He works incessantly on the behalf of Americans, based in Orlando. Halliburton would be a company, as well as other private contractors, that are operating in Iraq, somehow using the money of the American tax payers. Grayson is fighting a battle against some of these private contractors, many of which are major companies such as Halliburton, plus an oil company that former Vice President Dick Cheney served as the chief executive officer for several years. However, another enemy that has jumped on board is the United States Department of Justice. While Grayson has worked in several cases where there was fraud, the Department of Justice stepped in his way when it came to trying to expose companies of fraud during the Iraq war. This is a political venture and a scandal. When considering political science in this nature, if the President or any members of his Cabinet, or Dick Cheney were aware of these things that were going on by using American money to operate business, then something should have been done. It was the administration lying to American taxpayers about where their tax money was going. It was not used to fight the war in Iraq, clothe children in the United States, help the poor or the elderly. Instead, it was money to help the rich become richer. Ironically during the war, Halliburton became very valuable with their stock jumping significantly from the start of the war to 2006. The CEO netted at least $30 million in compensation. What a crooked world we live in. As oil enthusiasts, Cheney and George W. Bush, of course they were going to help some of their buddies become more rich by operating in Iraq. One might say that it is rather coincidental that Cheney happened to be a former CEO of one of the companies in question. It seems as if it was no coincidence after all. The money was there and it was secretly slid over to these corporations. The Department of Justice is more than likely trying to step in to try to keep the scandal behind closed doors. It is similar to any other scandal that occurs on a national level that somehow ties to the administration. Nixon's expose with Watergate was one of the major blunders of that administration. This one is on a different scope entirely and affects millions. The article by Rose introduces the audience to one of Grayson's clients, Bud Conyers, just a middle aged man in Oklahoma who just so happened to be an independent contractor working in Iraq. He was a driver for company, Kellogg, Brown and Root, a major construction company. Prior to the war in Iraq, the Pentagon awarded money to restore the Iraqi oil industry and another that provides logistic support services to the American military. When Conyers was asked to repair a refrigerated truck in Baghdad, he found something that is jawdropping. While an engine is required to control the refrigeration from a truck, this one that had been out of operation for a couple of weeks of course would not be keeping anything inside of it cool and there seemed to be a rancid smell coming from it. Upon opening the refrigerated portion of the truck, Conyer saw pieces of a total of 15 dead Iraqis. The bodies had come from a mortuary unit of the United States mortuary sector. While it is not unusual for something like this to happen, it is clearly stated by governmental regulations that once a truck has been used to haul corpses, it can not ever again haul items for human consumption such as food or drink because of the possible diseases that could be

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Questions - Assignment Example ving at that age that the end of the world was essentially not far, since the events that were indentified to indicate the end time, among them the destruction of the temple, had already occurred. This was meant to remind the generations that were to follow that there is nothing else that is to be awaited, and the rapture can happen anytime, in that the events preceding its occurrence had already taken place (Mat. 24.33). Hence, contemporary discussions of the end of the world emphasizes that the end of the world is awaited anytime, with some marking the lapse of certain durations to indicate the end. The discussion of the end time plays a greater role in maintaining the community and its values, in that the community must stay on the alert always, since the rapture could occur anytime. This way, the community values of righteousness and Godliness remain embraced, to ensure that when the end of the world comes, the community will inherit the kingdom, as promised by Jesus upon maintai ning

Primary Notes For Girlfriend in a Coma Essay Example for Free

Primary Notes For Girlfriend in a Coma Essay Theme Statement Rediscovering one self to give hope for the future. At some point in your life there will be sense of loneliness, to overcome this, you ought to find a significant meaning in life. Richard Richard a loyal, smart, boyfriend to Karen who is in a coma for the past 17 years. He has been by her side till the very end. Hes devoted to her, counting all the days she has been in the coma. (108) He question what is life without her? He started to having a drinking problem (79) thinking it will solve everything. He was already in depression, giving up hope when his friend, Jared died to cancer. (236) Hes been alone for 17 years even tho he is still close with his friends, theyre not always there. Questioning his fatherhood, why he failed to raise his daughter, Megan while Karen is in a coma. He broke down and went back to this drinking habits (107) When Karen awoke everything seems to have hope now.(131) When he withdrew he stills to able to maintain a proper lifestyle in his community on Rabbit Lane(246) Loneliness Each one of the character at a point along this book feels a sense of loneliness. Richard the most out of the character suffers this when Karen went into a coma. Even tho he has his daughter Megan, he still feels empty. (79) Wendy also feels lonely when Jared has passed away, he was her one true love (145) When she saw Jared ghost she wanted him to take her away, from her lonely life (224) Megan also deals with loneliness, after the â€Å"plague† she lost her â€Å"bestfriend† Jenny. She went to visit her home and read her diary â€Å"230† She also requested Jared to take her away.(234) Linus also question the purpose of life, he no longer wanted to live on the planet.(236) He wanted a glimpse of afterlife, which he then saw heaven.(238) Rabbit Lane All the events that occurred revolves around Rabbit Lane, where are there character grew up. They question why the plague hasnt reach them in Rabbit Lane. A lot of memories have taken since when they were young till â€Å"the last day of the world†

Hybrid Cars Essay -- essays research papers fc

Hybrid Automobiles The technology of the electric vehicle has been around for a long time but faded as the gasoline powered engine became more popular. Now, the future of electric vehicles is very bright. Their impacts are very significant that ranges from the economic point of view and also from the environmental. Imagine driving a quieter, cleaner car with the windows down letting the clean pollution-free air flow throughout the car. Production of the advancing technological electric vehicle can trigger this idea to come into effect. The problem of this technology was to research the development and impacts of the electric vehicle. At the turn of the 19th Century, when automobiles were new, electric vehicles outnumbered gasoline-powered vehicles. The problem for the electric car was that electric battery technology did not improve nearly as fast as gasoline technology and by 1910 the interest in the development of the electric vehicle had all but ceased (Sedgwick 15). Today, the current surge of interest in electric vehicles replacing the internal combustion engine, or ICE, is due to mostly one concern, air quality. The world’s population of cars is polluting the world’s cities, producing large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The electronic vehicle is driven by a battery that runs exclusively on electric. The batteries that exist today have a limited range between fifty and seventy-five miles per full charge. Newer prototype batte...

The Multiple Intelligence Theory

Developed in 1983 by Dr. Howard Gardener, a professor at the very prestigious Harvard University, the multiple intelligence theory states that testing a person’s intelligence through IQ tests is very restricting. In his very popular work, Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligence, Dr. Howard Gardner cited eight kinds of intelligence that are innate in men- linguistic intelligence (â€Å"word smart†); logical-mathematical intelligence (â€Å"number/reasoning smart†); spatial intelligence (â€Å"picture smart†); bodily-kinesthetic intelligence (â€Å"body smart†); musical intelligence (â€Å"music smart†); interpersonal intelligence (â€Å"people smart†); intrapersonal intelligence (â€Å"self smart†); and naturalist intelligence (â€Å"nature smart†) (Armstrong, 2000). Logical-Mathematical Intelligence Those who possess the logical-mathematical intelligence would usually end up as a scientist or mathematician. They are mostly sensitive to and have the capacity to differentiate logical and numerical patterns (Gardner & Hatch, 1989, being well versed with everything that has something to do with logic, abstractions, inductive and deductive reasoning and most of all, numbers. Because of this, they are said to be excellent in mathematics, chess, computer programming and other activities that involves numbers and logic (WIkipedia.org). They also have the ability to handle long chains of reasoning (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Linguistic Intelligence Those who possess this form of intelligence on the other hand are most likely to end up as poets and journalists for it has got something to do with words, be it spoken or written. These are the people who are sensitive to sounds, rhythms and of course, the meanings of different words. Likewise, these people are very knowledgeable in the different functions of language (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). They are good in reading, writing and even telling stories. At the same time, they are good in memorizing dates and words (Wikipedia.org, 2007). They rely on taking notes, reading, listening to lectures, discussions and debates as their primary source of knowledge. These people are said to learn foreign languages easily, having a very high verbal memory and the capacity to understand the structure of words and sentences. Musical Intelligence People having musical intelligence tend to become composers, violinist, musicians, singers, etc. They have the ability to produce and at the same time, appreciate rhythm, pitch and timbre together with the appreciation of the different forms through which music is expressed (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Those who also possess this kind of intelligence tend to learn and memorize different types of information through the use of music. More often than not, they work efficiently and effectively with music playing in the background (Wikipedia.org, 2007). Spatial Intelligence Possessing this kind of intelligence, a person may end up as a navigator, sculptor as they are good in visualizing and mentally manipulating objects (Wikipedia.org, 2007). With this perception comes their accuracy in performing transformation based on their perceptions (Gardner & Hatch, 1989). Body-Kinesthetic Intelligence Those who possess this kind of intelligence, on the other hand end up as athletes or dancers, as this has something to do with movement. People who are intelligent based on this often prefer activities that make use of body movements, which make them also good in building and making things. They remember things through their body, making use of what is known as muscle memory (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Interpersonal Intelligence Possessing this type of intelligence makes one individual a future therapist or salesman, having the capacity to respond to the moods, temperaments, motivations and desires of other people (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989).   They are usually extroverts who excel so much in interacting with others. Intrapersonal Intelligence They end up to be a person with detailed, accurate, self knowledge that could access one’s feelings and be able to draw them in guiding behavior, strengths, weaknesses, etc (Gardner & Hatcher, 1989). Education and the Multiple Intelligence Theory The concept of intelligence permeates our day to day lives just like any other psychological concept. Before completing and even entering an institute of education, students are asked to complete and aptitude exam that would measure their intelligence quotient or IQ that could determine their preparedness and capacity to learn in institutions like the one they are applying in. Intelligence tests have been a very important tool that is being used in most educational institutions that place a very high importance on the relationship between intelligence and education (Wagner & Sternberg, 1984) According to Dr. Gardner, most of the schools and cultures tend to focus more on the linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences of its pupils thus raising the self esteem levels of individuals who are well versed in their language, of individuals who know so much about math, individuals who are expert in reasoning. The different cultures and societies fail to recognize the achievements and intelligence of those people who have display other types of intelligence- the artists, architects, musicians, designers, athletes, and those other who truly show their importance in the other aspects of the society (Armstrong, 2000). It is also because of the societies focus on the linguistic and logical-mathematic intelligence that schools are unable to address the needs of students who are not gifted with these kinds of intelligence. Unfortunately, those who have not been giving due recognition for the intelligence they have [as they possess other kinds of intelligence apart from those society deems very important] usually suffer ADD or Attention Deficit Disorder (Armstrong, 2000). As Gardner reiterated in his study of MI theory, an individual is mechanically equipped with unique intelligence to cope up in a diverse cultural society. It provides students with options to success and recognition for whatever talents they have. Linguistic intelligence and personal intelligence gives great opportunities for individuals in a globally competitive society. The structural views of education are now diverse in regarding intelligence out of just the normal scope of intelligence. The multiple intelligence theory is said to be a threat to formal education, a death knell as they say, believing that teaching to address a single kind of intelligence is already hard. However, most schools have actually responded positively to Gardner’s theory as it is said to validate educator’s everyday experience, recognizing the difference in the way students think and learn. At the same time, educators have recognized the possession of the seven kinds of intelligence as a necessity in living life well. It is for this reason that teachers are being called to attend to all kinds of intelligence, not just the two kinds of intelligence traditionally addressed by educators and educational institutions (Smith, 2002). MI is a means to foster high quality work. MI should be used as a tool to promote a high quality of education instead of just a theory (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also encouraged to learn beyond the four walls of the classroom, in preparing them for the real world. They are equipped with facts that they could apply in their day-to-day lives. Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has inspired a lot of schools to undergo educational reforms that could help raise the quality of education. According to Thomas Armstrong (2000), several methods have been incorporated in teaching academic topics. For example, the study of the law of supply and demand in economics does not just involve linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligences such as studying by reading about it and the mathematical expressions by which the law is expressed. In the study, spatial intelligence is also incorporated through examination of graphic charts, observing the laws of the natural world (naturalist), the human world of commerce (interpersonal), the law in terms of one’s own body (bodily-kinesthetic and intrapersonal) or even the writing/finding a song that proves the accuracy of the law of supply and demand. It is for this reason that numerous schools have redesigned their curriculum to satisfy the needs of the people possess different types of intelligence. Arts PROPEL, in the US have developed a series of modules that serve the goals of the curriculum as well as the needs of its students. MI is a means to foster high quality work. Using MI as a tool to promote high quality student work rather than using the theory as an end in and of itself (Smith, 2002). Creativity is promoted in the nuance of education and by which it helps the production of more creative ideas to continually support the existing knowledge we learn in school. Students are also provided not only to think inside of the boundaries of the classroom but rather prepare them in the real world and set them in more ways than one. One which is only equipped with facts but not able to apply it in situations he or she faces. In the same way, Patricia Bolanos designed a public school in Indianapolis that supports the multiple intelligence theory. The curriculum is designed in such a way that it helps in finding the kind of intelligence a student is said to be possessing and at the same time, guide them in enriching what they have. Through the different steps that these schools have taken, they have in a way, considered the role of people who exhibit other kinds of intelligence. At the same time, the theory of multiple intelligence has become of vital importance to language teachers as it has allowed them to examine their teaching methods and how it effectively caters the need of their students. Different approaches shall be used in order to address the intelligence profiles of the students. Once again, the said theory has been responsible in enhancing the curriculum design, lesson planning and program development of various schools (Zulkuf Altan, 2001). Conclusion The rise of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligence theory has lead to different reactions by the academe and psychologists, considering its importance in every day lives. Schools require students to meet a certain score in their achievement tests before allowing them to enter into their respectable institutions. It showed the society that other intelligences, aside the two traditional ones that have been regarded as important in the society is important and should also be taken into consideration. Students have different interests, react to different subject matters and topics and of course, adopt different ways of taking in information (Gardner, 1995).. It is for this reason that educational institutions nowadays have readjusted their curriculum, in their hopes to cater to artistic, musical, body intelligences, etc. It is believed that it is only through this that schools could properly respond to the needs of their students having possessed a different type of intelligence, aside from the traditional, more popular ones (Gardner, 1995). With the multiple intelligence theory, various learning-styles have been built on particular sense modalities such as auditory, visual and kinesthetics, believing that it is only through this that educators may transmit the lesson and information to the brains of their students without giving them a hard time, giving them the access to information that could best meet their needs (Gardner, 1995). REFERENCES Armstrong, T. (2000). Multiple Intelligences. Retrieved October 21, 2007 From http://www.thomasarmstrong.com/multiple_intelligences.htm Klein, P.D. (1997). Multiplying the Problems of Intelligence by Eight: A Critique of  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gardner’s Theory. Retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. (1995). Multiple Intelligences as a Catalyst. English Journal Vol. 84 No.8. p.8. retrieved October 21, 2007 from Jstor Database Gardner, H. and Hatch, T. (1989) Multiple Intelligence Go to School Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implications  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences, by Howard Gardner. Educational  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Researcher.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Volume 8. No. pp.4-10. Retrieved October 21, 2007  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database Smith, Mark. (2002). Howard gardner, multiple intelligences and education.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved October 20, 2007 from http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (2007). Multiple intelligences, Retrieved on  Ã‚   October 20, 2007 from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_multiple_intelligences Zulkuf Altan, M. (2001). Intelligence Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Century, Review. TESOL Quarterly: Vol. 35, No. 1, p. 35. Retrieved October 21,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007  Ã‚  Ã‚   from Jstor Database      

The Approach Of Systems Thinking Commerce Essay

Over this century the attack of Systems Thinking has gained increasing attending in assorted social spheres, such as civilization, scientific discipline, general and human ecology, faith and economic sciences & A ; direction. System Thinking has taught us that it is non about faulting other people but to work together to happen a solution and to accomplish that there must be a good relationship, connectivity and interconnectivity. For any system to work efficaciously it is recommended that all parts be present and functional and must be connected to a proper manner. System believing in an Organisation chiefly depends on accomplishing negative information through openness and feedback, system believing besides plays a major function in administrations and aid to acquire rid of disfucntional administration, Successful organisations develop features and execute procedures that allow them to accommodate to restraints, menaces, and chances. For any administration grow and better that administration must so go larning administration and for it to work efficaciously there should be an effectual leading which will convey effectual alteration and originative thoughts to the administration. Learning organisation deter the outlook that it is merely senior direction who can and make all the thought for the full corporation and it hence encourages everyone ‘s thoughts are valued and amount that people can lend and it is non determined by place in the organisation.2.1 Quiz 1The embedding procedure, The following scenario has been experienced from my company. This typical illustration is used to suit the ‘Why ‘ Question in the hereafter.Buying a Generator Transformer for Majuba Unit 1Why Generator Transformer? Can transport high Voltage and high Amperes Can defy higher Temperatures. Can defy lower Temperatures Can be used out-of-doorss and Indoors Using natural air and oil for chilling Can step up or down the Voltage Excessively dearly-won Available on shelves Why non Unit transformer? Carries less Voltage and Amperes Easily acquire hot due to insufficient chilling Low current capacity Inadequate chilling system Reasonable monetary value Can merely step down the Voltage Why non dry type Transformer? Recommended for Indoors usage Can non defy high temperatures Can non stand really low temperatures Very inexpensive Can merely step down the Voltage. Why non BFP ‘s Transformers? Not design to transport out high tonss Can defy high and lower temporaries Reasonable monetary value 5. Why non Pole mounted Transformer Does non suit for the intent, Can defy temperature alterations Not available on shelf Used FOR Domestic intent The result of the analysis shows that Option figure 1 is the lone 1 that is applicable for the Majuba Power Station, this is due to the fact that option figure 1 meets all the specific demands and is ever available on shelves.2.2 QUIZ 2House Criteria and RequirementsWeightHouse AHouse BacillusHOUSE CBedroom size10 3 3 4Shoping Centre5 1 3 1Security5 2 2 1Garage5 3 1 1Crime Rate5 2 1 2Police station5 1 1 3Gardening size5 2 1 2Design5 3 1 1Vicinity5 1 1 3Traffic10 6 2 2School10 2 4 4Location10 3 1 6Family demand5 2 2 1Affordability ( Price )10 4 4 2Near to work5 3 1 1Entire100 38 28 34 Table 1 Decision doing Tool The determination doing tool used above on Table 1 used a standard to measure the best house that one can purchase, Given the demand that the house should run into or follow with, the determination was taken that House A is the best house to purchase.2.3 QUIZ 3Plethora of Literature Fig 1 Brain Power Fig 1 above Tells about the Memory ability Factor: System believing illustrate that no affair how much work burden you might hold the encephalon power aid to execute you responsibilities and ensures that all work acquire don, it besides tells us that a proper planning plays a immense function on all state of affairs one could come across with, It hence of import for the individual to acquire sufficient cognition and preparation to accomplish the best consequences. Fig 2 PROJECT MANAGEMENT Fig 2 above Tells us on Project direction state of affairs planning besides plays a immense function and if planning is non done one will confront troubles when it comes to Project Execution, Project Management is worthless when the quality is compromised, Fig 2 Teach us the for the undertaking to executed, The strategic program is where we find the AIM of the system the ‘whole ‘ should be taken into consideration, intending that the must be a continues betterment and a strategic planning and Management should be pattern for a Undertaking to be a successful one. FIG 3 INFORMATION SYSTEM BEHAVIOR Fig 3 above Tells us the information system in administration, Organisation should guarantee that its values are know by all employees and should populate by them, Trust within the administration leads to a good squad work with one end of accomplishing the best for the company. Policies and process should organize portion of day-to-day activities and should be communicated to all employees in an administration,2.3.1 LETTER TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORSTitle: System Thinking Application in Organisation Background Many companies have failed themselves and some resulted in shuting down, No one of all time take clip to understand why this happens, Research shows that system thought does non be and Management does thing the manner they think. Most administrations do non run as a ‘whole ‘ but instead as a ‘part ‘ of the system. System Thinking Application Fig 1, 2 and 3 above illustrate Different application of the system thought, each and every figure will lend to the turning and development of the administration, Employees and Management will derive a batch of trust and apprehension of each other, to better our methods of alteration, hence, we need to understand more about what really governs people ‘s behavior. When no alteration occurs, it is the form of behavior that remains unchanged. Making the right thing means we have to larn how to see an administration as a system and understand the deductions of that position for what it means to pull off. Recommendation and Decision System believing when applied decently can alter the mentality of employees and it is recommended that all employees to be exposed to system thought and the construction should be such that employees must experience that they are portion of the administration, It is recommended that preparation should be provided to the employees to acquire the good consequences of system thought, Good communicating construction to be in topographic point and all informed of it, In decision, A learning administration produces a good consequences and increases working public presentation which leads to an addition in production. It is the Board determination to accept the application of System believing in this administration taking into history the benefit and the impact the system believing will hold in the administration.2.4 QUIZ 4What is Fractal – a fractal is any object or something or signifier created from repeated forms apparent at many degrees of graduated table. In my administration, I have noticed that a fractal quality take topographic point when we do the pre occupation brief [ where safety and occupation planning is discussed before the occupation can really get down ] and the Safety of people is ever emphasised and repeated, this is done to accomplish one end which is to hold zero first assistance and zero Loss clip hurts. Another Changes that I need to Implement is to accomplish Fractal quality is Cardinal regulations, These regulations are the regulations that can non be broken by anyone and should anyone interrupt anyone of the regulations, there will be a formal disciplinary for that person which might consequences to a serious misconduct These five cardinal regulations are as follows: Open, Isolates, Earth and/or bond and safety trial before touch Hook up at highs Be sober Have Permit to work I therefore see it necessary to warn co-workers each twenty-four hours about these five cardinal regulations.2.4 QUIZ 51. Angstrom 2. – 4B 3. Bacillus 4. Angstrom 5. Angstrom 6. Bacillus 7. – 4C2.5 QUIZ 6Undertaking Name: Renovation of Turbine Valves This is a undertaking that is presently busy with at my work topographic point Majuba Power Station Unit 4. Background In 2009 it was suspected that unit 4 Turbine Valve are damaged, this came after the machine was in a procedure of closing down after flushing extremum, The Operator who was in charge of the machine did non follow the shut down process and he was erroneously unfastened the control valve and allow H2O to travel through the Turbine, Water should non at any point go to the turbine as this could caused Quenching [ allow H2O to the turbine valves ] . The effects of Turbine extinction is a categorized as a catastrophe which cause the Rotors on the Turbine to flex and finally do the Turbine to vibrate, and since last twelvemonth therefore far the quiver has been so high, The ground for non making the fixs last when the incident take topographic point was the fact the system could non let Majuba to take the machine out for Outage due to the system constrains. The machine have been running at a lower burden since last twelvemonth and the hazard to run the machine with amendss was identified and all extenuation was put in topographic point to avoid farther amendss to the Turbine. Scope of work: Shut down the Machine Force cool the machine for 36hrs Erect Scaffolding [ Sub contract ] Remove lagging and cladding [ Sub contract ] Remove Turbine 4 Turbine valves Remove Turbine Two Rotors Send both Valves and Rotors for fixs at Alstom [ Sub contract ] Inspect and replace bearing no 1 and 10 if found damaged Collect both Valves and Rotors from Alstom Put back Turbine rotors Put back Turbine Valves Replace lagging and facing Dismantle Scaffolding [ Sub contract ] Perform Turbine tests, take reading and analyse [ Sub contract ] Start up the Machine The chief Contractor is Rotek Engineering Sub contractor no 1 Kaefer [ Scaffolding ] Sub contractor no 2 Alstom Power Services Entire costs for this Undertaking is R 13,000,000.00 Chaos Theory application This Undertaking was scheduled to get down on the 16th September and complete on the 29th October 2010, The chief Contractor is Rotek Engineering Sub contractor no 1 Kaefer [ Scaffolding ] Sub contractor no 2 Alstom Power Services After go toing The Da Vinci Institute classes on System Management, the tool used on the stuff was checked against my current undertakings as follows: So far Alstom has indicated that will be little alteration on the undertaking continuance as the range on the Valves and Rotors has increased after they have stripped and inspected the Vales and Rotors and that has a direct influence on the entire budget allocated, Rotek contractor together with Alstom revised the saloon chart every bit good as the WBS [ Non additive paradigm adopted ] which so showed a late completion day of the month of the 5th November 2010, as Eskom we do non desire to lose clip on the undertaking we so called up a particular meeting with the chief Contractor [ Rotek ] , The contractor was requested to direct a citation for an extra range submitted after the review was done and Eskom besides instructed the Rotek to acquire more resources and besides cite on that extra resources ( we applied control ) , The entire costs now has been increased to R 13A 850,000.00 which was non approved budget ab initio. We so as a squad called up a meeting with everyone involved, all were encouraged to work safe and put focal point on the work, the coverage / communicating construction [ D channel applied ] and organogram besides discussed with the squad and all understood the set up. Team members were motivated and were promised a braai every bit good as Game gift verifiers of R 150, 00 each should the undertaking be completed on clip. Everybody was asked to experience free on the occupation and to describe any insecure act and the suggestion box was placed on the floor for anyone with jobs on the undertaking itself including HR and Salary issues. In this undertaking non much alteration was applied to the solutions of mending the Valves and the Rotors as the recommendation was given by the industry and no other determination could be made as this constituents are non manufactured locally and no 1 knows much within South Africa. Presently the squad and everybody involved are happy and this is conformed by the committedness and dedication noted on the squad, this has led to a decrease in continuance of the undertaking by two yearss. The decrease in continuance has helped in costs decrease on the undertaking. Therefore Chaos theory in Project Management has taught us the followers: If a good planning and Execution is non done decently, that undertaking is a If there is no proper communicating in a squad, that is a formula for a catastrophe in a undertaking [ D channel plays a immense function ] The undertaking environment should be contributing for the squad to larn in order to maximize the usage of alteration.3.1 ANALYSE ELEMENT FROM STAKEHOLDER ‘S VIEWPONT3.1.1 Power Generation and Supply at Eskom This is an component that I will be discoursing and analysing, besides to place Operating, Transaction every bit good as Contextual Environment. A Operating Environment Structure: It is good defined and all employees and employer understand and follow the agreed construction. Culture: Like any other organisation, Culture diverseness is still a challenge as people do things otherwise and besides think otherwise. Competences: Competent people are largely on Majuba side although there is still some work to be done and less competent people are more on Contractors working under Majuba. Resources: In footings of resources, most of the work is outsourced and that is where the most resources are in employed compared to the resources Majuba. B Transactional Environment Communities: Not applicable. Regulators: Eskom is regulated by NERSA in footings of Electricity and in footings Gender equity it is for regulated by authorities Act and ain internal processs. Stockholders: Government and World Bank Creditors: Customers: Eskom clients are chiefly all house clasp, Municipalities, Mines, and Hospitals every bit good outside states like Zimbabwe. Suppliers: Eskom providers are chiefly the coal mines, section of H2O personal businesss, gas Industries, letter paper companies every bit good Computer companies. Rivals: Presently Eskom does non hold rivals in footings of Electrical power coevals, but other companies generate their ain Electricity for ain usage e.g. Sasol. Trade association: Not applicable Unions / employees: Eskom employees have three brotherhoods stand foring them and they are NUM, NUMSA every bit good Solidarity. C. Contextual Environment Political Forces: Political engagement does be but chiefly take portion in higher Management degree, The ground being that the Eskom Chief Executive Officer is appointed by the Minister of Public Enterprise and Energy. Economic Forces: Economic forces has negatively impacted Eskom in the past two old ages and that was due to the universe recession and the factor is the new physique Eskom Power Stations which requires a batch of one million millions to be completed and that has besides put Eskom into fiscal crisis at this phase. Ecological Forces: Not applicable and have no impact on Eskom concern and operation. Technological Forces, Technology keeps on turning and coming each and every twelvemonth and Eskom is ever out at that place seeking for new thoughts and information of running the concern efficaciously and expeditiously without compromising its nucleus concern. Socio-cultural Forces: Peoples have different attitude, beliefs, imposts and life style every bit good as civilization, Eskom does hold these different people but they are no influence or whatsoever towards Eskom employees as they have established a wont of working as a squad.3.2 FORMULATE THE MESS & A ; DESCRIBE THE CURRENT REALITY3.2.1 System AnalysisComponentSystemEnvironmentStructure: The histrions involved here are the Employees, Trade brotherhoods, Employer, clients and providers, their involvement is to guarantee Generate Electricity and administer it to its clients. Eskom has a immense influence and impact on Electricity supply to its clients and besides has influence on its employees Members: Eskom Executive Committee Board members and employees on all Eskom divisions. Major constituents are all the electricity bring forthing workss and Coal and Gasses. Their relationship is that bring forthing workss requires Coal and Gasses to bring forth Electrical energy. Eskom has a dedicated staff that ensures there is continues supply of Electrical energy to Eskom clients, Currently Eskom stockholders are its employees every bit good as the Government, There are three trade brotherhoods viz. NUM, NUMSA every bit good as SOLIDARITY, Eskom chief clients are all Electricity users [ domestic usage ] , Mines, Hospitals and other neighbouring states, Current providers are Coal mines, gasses provider, Government appoints Eskom CEO and ensures that all authorities act are obeyed and followed by all Employers and Eskom is presently regulates by NERSA. Function: Eskom produced Electrical Energy for all its clients including neighbouring states like Zimbabwe, Electrical energy is produced for all family and domestic usage, Hospitals and companies every bit good as the mines that requires electrical energy to run their concerns, Daily meeting are held where the production demands are discussed and actions are taken by relevant persons. The chief merchandises is Electrical energy and the markets all Eskom clients, Presently Eskom does non hold major rivals, Eskom has entered the markets in a immense manner that its is registered with JSE every bit good as universe market, Eskom is presently making good in the Market as there are one other company that compete with Eskom and non much challenge is experience by Eskom, As antecedently discussed, Eskom has no rivals and hence no strength exist PROCESS ( Knowledge ) : Electrical energy is produced where by the Boiler filled with Tubes is heated through the Boiler Tubes and the steam is formed which the converted to a dry steam and transported at a high force per unit area which so turn the Turbine which in bend turned the Generator. The initiation processes takes topographic point in the generator and the magnetic field are produced and Electrical energy generated. Then the generated power transferred to the Generator transformer which the measure up the Voltage from 22A 000Volts to 400kv, this 400kv is the sent to the grid and so national control controls the power distribution to all system webs and Eskom clients Eskom seeks new engineering each and every twenty-four hours for its nucleus concern of bring forthing Electricity at sensible monetary value and that is ever available, although Eskom do hold competent people and accomplishments but there is spread that needs to be closed due to the fact that people with so right accomplishments are go forthing the administration and there is skill keeping or development program in topographic point, Throughput procedure: Eskom produces a capacity of 4100 MW of Electricity per twenty-four hours, provided the full machines are on burden bring forthing electricity. Organizational procedure: Eskom have processs and Policies in topographic point which aid to run the concern efficaciously e.g. finance, engineering, quality, human resources, and selling are of import procedure considerations. Minimum demand – To be able to bring forth Electrical energy that is ever available at a sensible monetary value, Benchmaker: The best participants in the administration are all the Eskom employees and the employer who makes it possible produces this Electricity, Cost of selling is 150 Per Megawatt, Cost of Production is about R38m per Megawatt, Cost of developing about R12m, Cost of rank ( operating expenses ) is about R50m. 3.2.2 OBSTRUCTION ANALYSISBSTRUCTION ANALYSISFunctionStructureProcedurePowerDaily meeting are held where the production demands are discussed and actioned to relevant persons. Beginning of Power is at Management degrees and they are responsible for continues running of the Plant. Policies and process are clear and good defined, all people involved are cognizant of the procedure to be followed.CognitionEveryone is clear and knows precisely of what needs to be done as all are allocated with work for that peculiar twenty-four hours. All employees are measured utilizing the in agreement cardinal public presentation Indexs and the wages being the Performance Appraisal Bonuses. The system is in topographic point for all the divergence and control in conformity with NEC, feedback is required on specific agreed day of the months.WealthIn footings of Market viability, Eskom is still safe as the Market response rather good since there are no rivals ; The demand increases at a fast rate. Eskom beginning of money is on both Eskom ego net income every bit good as World bank where most of the loans are granted to Eskom. Although some the Generating Machines are acquiring old, The Machines still operates efficaciously and the demand is forecast 48 hrs upfront at the control Centre situated in Germiston and planned consequently.BeautyEskom vision of the coveted hereafter province that ‘Together constructing the powerbase for sustainable growing and development and to supply Southern Africa with dependable cost effectual Power ‘ At the present minute Eskom does non hold any insecurities and disaffection, South Africa chiefly dependant on Eskom to provide Electricity and the support is continues. There is a good Integration on Eskom ‘s stakeholders, The distinction exist when Government is loath to O.K. requested financess and when clients has to pay additions on ElectricityValuessThe Main hazards that Eskom faces are deficit of skilled forces, Insufficient power bring forthing machines to run into the increasing demand every bit good as support of the new undertakings Eskom value its employees and handle everyone with regard they deserve, The Group consists of different people coming from different background and Culture and everyone respects other chap ‘s civilization. Conflict Management processs are in topographic point to cover with any struggle arising. Depending on each instance virtue but largely a disciplinary commission plays a function.3.2.3 REFERENCE PROJECTIONThere is a batch of a thing that could go on should at that place be no alteration the manner administration operates, the undermentioned explains: The company will non turn and no invention. The company will non copy with new Technologies Skilled people will non acquire challenge and will stop up populating the administration3.2.4 REFERENCE SCENARIOSOrganisation would destruct itself by non using alteration in the current manner they operates their concerns, Administration that do non guarantee its employees are acquiring developed and are given opportunity to research. Administration destroys itself if it non a learning administration and when power is on certain single merely Administration that does non hold Policies and processs would be destructing its hereafter.3.3 DESCRIBE THE AS IT SHOULD STATE FOR AREA – ProbeHere we discuss the Solutions that can assist to better the system by discoursing the followers: 3.3.1 Where system in an administration should be more opened? In my administration I believe the system should be more opened on the followers: Open in communicating construction from the high Management to a lower category people in the administration. Open in Information sharing within the administration even to the people who do non hold entree to e-mail and GroupWise. Open in people ‘s development Open in giving people a platform for Innovation. Open in Procedures and Policies. 3.3.2 Where the system in an administration should be closed? Close in High degree Management determination Near in Individual wages. 3.3.3 Where the system in an administration should be connected? Different sections working in silos should be connected Different division should be connected. 3.3.4 Where Boundaries should be? When people non following processs. When people are interrupting the jurisprudence and the regulations. Applied when there is a no work a no wage should use. 3.3.5 Where is the form in an administration? Time order, everybody to maintain on start working clip. Follow processs on all work. Treat everybody with regard.3.4 CASUAL LOOP DIAGRAM3.4.1 Casual Loop Diagram Key FindingsThe undermentioned points indicate the chief country of concern on the above Casual cringle diagram in Fig 5: It is noted that high population addition electricity demand which in bend reduces the Supply of electricity The current procedure of bring forthing electricity has a negative impact on our environment as it causes pollution to the air. The effects of fouling the may every bit good mine workers where Cola is supplied may consequences to human deaths. It is an obvious instance that in winter season where there is no rainfall, the Eskom administration finds it hard to bring forth Electricity as there is immense deficit of H2O in the dikes and rivers. The more human deaths are experience in the industries is the more our population acquire reduced. It is true Eskom is lending to the Economy of this state because all concerns needs electricity to operates efficaciously Eskom as an administration opens occupation chances and allow people to develop in their callings within Eskom. It is besides noted that when the employees are given a opportunity to get cognition through surveies and research, they become more enlightening and increase that increases their accomplishments.3.4.2 Recommendation from the Casual Loop DiagramThe safety of people is a precedence and no production loss or net income can warrant the safety of people, it is hence recommended that the Companies should be more watchful and put systems in topographic point to guarantee that workers come to work safe and unrecorded work safe. It is recommended that administrations should hold a program in topographic point to develop its employees, this will convey good consequences in a long tally and will lend to the high net income of the administration as the employees will be more skilled and knowing which helps in increasing the company production.3.5 FRACTAL LIKE REQUIREMENTRefer to Quiz no 4 on page 103.6 BOARD MEMORANDUMRefer to Quiz no 3 on page 63.7 DecisionIn decision, whether we consider systems believing largely a new position and a set of tools, it has a power and a possible that one time we have been introduced, are difficult to defy. The more you learn about this challenging field, the more you will desire to cognize. In administrations, System Thinking has taught us that all sections should work together and incorporate to accomplish the best consequences, It has besides taught that although we need to cover with a alteration in our environment and learn to near as the ‘whole ‘ instead that a s ‘parts ‘ of the system.

Best Foot Forward

Best Foot Forward Best Foot Forward Best Foot Forward By Simon Kewin Someone who puts their best foot forward must, logically, have three or more feet. Although this is a very common phrase (the title of a 1943 Lucille Ball film, for example) it is, at least for humans, grammatically incorrect. Best is the superlative form of the adjective good and superlatives are used to refer to one item from a group of three or more. The comparative form of the adjective better in the case of good should be used to refer to one item from two. So, the phrase should be better foot forward if talking about a biped. Only a creature with three or more feet a centipede for example could actually put its best foot forward. The general point applies to all comparative and superlative adjectives. You cant be the fastest runner in a race of two, for example, only the faster. Here are some examples of this usage around the web: There are hopeful signs. On Wednesday he conceded he couldnt get the economy going again simply by blaming the Democrats, up to now his favorite response to the recession. And he said yesterday that he would run on my whole record, suggesting that he may put his best foot forward instead of merely stepping on his opponents. NY Times The Bears arrived in St. Louis without their best pass rusher - Pernell McPhee stayed home with a knee injury - and yet they left with a convincing TKO of a potent Rams offense. LA Times Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesThe Writing ProcessThrew and Through

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Great Railroad Strike of 1877 The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began with a work stoppage by railroad employees in West Virginia who were protesting a reduction in their wages. And that seemingly isolated  incident quickly turned into a national movement. Railroad workers walked off the job in  other states and seriously disrupted  commerce  in the East and Midwest. The strikes were ended within a few weeks, but not before major incidents of vandalism and violence. The Great Strike marked the first time the federal government called out troops to quell a labor dispute. In messages sent to President Rutherford B. Hayes, local officials referred to what was happening as â€Å"an insurrection.† The violent incidents were the worst civil disturbances since the Draft Riots which had brought some of the violence of the Civil War into the streets of New York City  14 years earlier. One legacy of the labor unrest in the summer of 1877 still exists in the form of landmark buildings in some American cities. The trend of building immense fortress-like armories was inspired by the battles between striking railroad workers and soldiers. Beginning of the Great Strike The strike began in Martinsburg, West Virginia,  on July 16, 1877, after workers of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad were informed that their pay would be cut 10 percent. Workers grumbled about the loss of income in small groups, and by the end of the day railroad firemen began walking off the job. Steam locomotives could not run without the firemen, and dozens of trains were idled. By the next day it was apparent that the railroad was essentially shut down and the governor of West Virginia began to ask for federal help to break the strike. Approximately 400 troops were dispatched to Martinsburg, where they scattered protesters by brandishing bayonets. Some soldiers managed to drive some of the trains, but the strike was far from over. In fact, it began to spread. As the strike was starting in West Virginia, workers for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had begun walking  off the job in Baltimore, Maryland. On July 17, 1877, news of the strike was already the lead story in New York City newspapers. The New York Times coverage, on its front page, included  the dismissive headline: Foolish Firemen and Brakemen on the Baltimore and Ohio Road Cause of the Trouble. The position of the newspaper was that lower wages and adjustments in working conditions were necessary. The country was, at the time, still stuck in an economic depression which had been triggered originally by the Panic of 1873. Violence Spread Within days, on July 19, 1877, workers on another line, the Pennsylvania Railroad, struck in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With the local militia sympathetic to the strikers, 600 federal troops from Philadelphia were sent to break up protests. The troops arrived in Pittsburgh, faced off with local residents, and ultimately fired into crowds of protesters, killing 26 and wounding many more. The crowd erupted  in a frenzy, and trains and buildings were burned. Summing it up a few days later, on July 23, 1877, the New York Tribune, one of the nations most influential newspapers, headlined a front-page  story The Labor War. The account of the fighting in Pittsburgh was chilling, as  it described federal troops unleashing volleys of rifle fire at civilian crowds. As word of the shooting had spread through Pittsburgh, local citizens rushed to the scene. The outraged mob set fires and destroyed several dozen buildings belonging to the Pennsylvania Railroad. The New York Tribune reported: The mob then began a career of destruction, in which they robbed and burned all the cars, depots, and buildings of the Pennsylvania Railroad for three miles, destroying millions of dollars worth of property. The number of killed and wounded during the fighting is not known, but it is believed to be in the hundreds. End of the Strike President Hayes, receiving pleas from  several governors, began moving troops from forts on the East Coast toward railroad towns such as Pittsburgh and Baltimore. Over the course of about two weeks the strikes were ended and  workers returned to their jobs. During the Great Strike it was estimated that 10,000 workers had walked off their jobs. About a hundred strikers had been killed.   In the immediate aftermath of the strike the railroads began to forbid union activity. Spies were used to ferret out union organizers so they could be fired. And workers were forced to sign yellow dog contracts that disallowed joining a union. And in the nations cities a trend developed of building enormous armories that could serve as fortresses during periods of urban fighting. Some massive armories from that period still stand, often restored as civic landmarks. The Great Strike was, at the time, a setback for workers. But the awareness it brought to American labor problems resonated for years. Labor organizers learned many valuable lessons from the experiences of the summer of 1877. In a sense, the scale of the activity surrounding the Great Strike indicated that there was a desire for a widespread movement to secure workers rights. And the work stoppages and fighting in the summer of 1877 would be  a major event in the history of American labor. Sources: Le Blanc, Paul. Railroad Strike of 1877. St. James Encyclopedia of Labor History Worldwide, edited by Neil Schlager, vol. 2, St. James Press, 2004, pp. 163-166. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk, vol. 1, Gale, 1999, pp. 400-402. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

If people are just complex machines, what does that suggest about the Essay

If people are just complex machines, what does that suggest about the moral status of machines Could I be committing murder every time I turn off my computer - Essay Example Every machine has a system that makes it work, which is composed of several electrical and mechanical subsystems. Likewise, human body functions as a result of mutual work of circulatory system, digestive system, and respiratory system etc. On the other hand, like every machine either needs charging or fueling to work, human body needs food for the systems to work. This paper analyzes the moral status of the act of turning a computer off and discusses whether it can be called as a murder or not in light of the perception that humans are just complex machines. While humans may qualify to be called machines keeping these factors in mind, there is a very important factor that humans contain that machines do not; Emotions. Humans have feelings. They can not only think, but also evaluate the pros and cons of different options and select the most suitable option in a given context. Machines do not have this capability. Some machines like computers do have the capability to evaluate the different variables of certain mathematical procedures, but that knowledge is fed into the computer by humans themselves. A computer does not have the capability to feel for something nor does any other machine. On this basis, it is irrational to define humans as complex machines. Hence, on the basis of the argument that humans are much more than complex machines, it is not justified to comment upon the moral status of machines as the laws of machines are different from those of the humans. While a human can be sentenced to death for having committed the murder of another human, a machine cannot be dealt with in the same way since the machine cannot commit murders in the first place. Likewise, turning a computer off is not similar to committing a murder. Concluding, on the basis of the points discussed in this paper, it is wrong to think of the act of turning a computer off